Lightguide subassembly for receiving a trackball navigational tool mountable within a handheld mobile device

ABSTRACT

A user input subassembly and method of constructing a user input subassembly for accommodating a navigational tool and keypad assembly. The user input subassembly can be integrated into a handheld wireless communication device. The user input subassembly includes a lightguide panel and trackball navigation tool. The lightguide panel is constructed so that the trackball navigational tool can be fixed to the lightguide panel through at least one releasing securement feature. This securement feature is likewise implemented on either the trackball navigational tool and/or a locking ring that at least partially surrounds the trackball navigational tool.

CROSS REFERENCE

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/826,898, filed Sep. 25, 2006. Said application isexpressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety

FIELD

This disclosure, in a broad sense, is directed toward handheldelectronic devices; and more specifically to handheld communicationdevices that have wireless communication capabilities and the networkswithin which the wireless communication devices operate. The presentdisclosure further relates to the lightguide subassembly which receivesa navigational tool assembly and is mountable within the wirelesscommunication device.

BACKGROUND

With the proliferation of wireless communication systems, compatiblehandheld communication devices are becoming more prevalent, as well asadvanced. Whereas in the past such handheld communication devices weretypically limited to either voice transmission (cell phones) or texttransmission (pagers and PDAs), today's consumer often demands amultifunctional device capable of performing both types oftransmissions, including even sending and receiving e-mail. Furthermore,these higher-performance devices can also be capable of sending andreceiving other types of data including that which allows the viewingand use of Internet websites. These higher level functionalitiesnecessarily require greater user interaction with the devices throughincluded user interfaces (UIs) which may have originally been designedto accommodate making and receiving telephone calls and sending messagesover a related Short Messaging Service (SMS). As might be expected,suppliers of such mobile communication devices and the related serviceproviders are anxious to meet these customer requirements, but thedemands of these more advanced functionalities have in manycircumstances rendered the traditional user interfaces unsatisfactory, asituation that has caused designers to have to improve the UIs throughwhich users input information and control these sophisticatedoperations.

Keyboards are used on many handheld devices, including telephones andmobile communication devices. The size of keyboards has been reducedover the years, as newer, smaller devices have become popular. Cellphones, for example, are now sized to fit in one's pocket or the palm ofthe hand. As the size of the devices has decreased, the more importantit has become to utilize the entire keyboard surface as efficiently aspossible.

Many keyboards on mobile devices have an input device for navigationthrough the graphical user interface. These interfaces include suchdevices as trackballs and rotating wheels which can be used to effectmovement of a cursor or pointer, or to scroll up, down and about adisplayed page. These navigation devices often occupy a relatively largeamount of space on the incorporating mobile device. Because thenavigation device is frequently used and often requires fine control, alower end size limitation will normally be observed by device designers.To accommodate such larger, more convenient navigation devices on thehousing of the mobile device, the amount of space that is available forthe keys of the keyboard is correspondingly reduced if the keyboard andnavigational device are proximately located to one another.

Another problem is the mounting a navigation tool such as a trackballnavigation tool within the wireless communication device. The locationand assembly of the navigation tool has been confined to a structurethat was part of the frame of the device. Thus, it is desirable tointegrate the navigational tool into a subassembly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examplary methods and arrangements conducted and configured according tothe advantageous solutions presented herein are depicted in theaccompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a handheld communication device configured accordingto the present teachings cradled in the palm of a user's hand;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram representing a wireless handheld communicationdevice interacting in a communication network;

FIG. 3 a illustrates an examplary QWERTY keyboard layout;

FIG. 3 b illustrates an examplary QWERTZ keyboard layout;

FIG. 3 c illustrates an examplary AZERTY keyboard layout;

FIG. 3 d illustrates an examplary Dvorak keyboard layout;

FIG. 4 illustrates a QWERTY keyboard layout paired with a traditionalten-key keyboard;

FIG. 5 illustrates ten digits comprising the numerals 0-9 arranged in atraditional, ITU Standard E.161 numeric telephone keypad layout,including the * and # keys flanking the 0 key;

FIG. 6 illustrates a traditional or standard phone key arrangement orlayout according to the ITU Standard E.161 including both numerals andletters;

FIG. 7 a is an exploded perspective view of an examplary wirelesshandheld electronic device, incorporating a trackball assembly as theauxiliary user input;

FIG. 7 b is an exploded perspective view of a user input subassemblywhich includes a trackball navigational tool receiver for accommodatingthe trackball navigation tool therein;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the handheld communication deviceillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 illustrates on a larger scale the keyboard (keyfield andnavigation row) employed in the handheld communication deviceillustrated in FIGS. 1 and 8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the keyboard illustrated in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an end-on view of the keyboard illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10;

FIG. 12 illustrates key “target areas” and areas of finger overlapassociated with the corner keys and above-adjacent keys on the keyboardof FIGS. 9-11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the navigation row illustrated in FIG.9;

FIG. 14 is a section view of the navigation row illustrated in FIG. 13;

FIGS. 15 a-15 e illustrate a user using the navigation row illustratedin FIGS. 13 and 14; and

FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a method of constructing a userinput subassembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An examplary handheld electronic device 300 is shown in FIG. 1, and thedevice's cooperation in a wireless network 319 is exemplified in theblock diagram of FIG. 2. These figures are examplary only, and thosepersons skilled in the art will appreciate the additional elements andmodifications necessary to make the device 300 work in particularnetwork environments.

As shown in the block diagram of FIG. 2, the device 300 includes amicroprocessor 338 that controls the operation of the device 300. Acommunication subsystem 311 performs all communication transmission andreception with the wireless network 319. The microprocessor 338 furtherconnects with an auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystem 328, a serialport (preferably a Universal Serial Bus port) 330, a display 322, akeyboard 332, a speaker 334, a microphone 336, random access memory(RAM) 326, and flash memory 324. Other communication subsystems 340 andother device subsystems 342 are generally indicated as beingfunctionally connected with the microprocessor 338 as well. An exampleof a communication subsystem 340 is that of a short range communicationsystem such as BLUETOOTH® communication module or a Wi-Fi communicationmodule (a communication module in compliance with IEEE 802.11b) andassociated circuits and components. Additionally, the microprocessor 338is able to perform operating system functions and preferably enablesexecution of software applications on the communication device 300.

The auxiliary I/O subsystem 328 can take the form of a variety ofdifferent navigation tools (multi-directional or single-directional)such as a trackball navigation tool 325 as illustrated in the examplaryembodiment shown in FIG. 9, or a thumbwheel, a navigation pad, ajoystick, or the like. These navigation tools are preferably located onthe front surface of the device 300 but may be located on any exteriorsurface of the device 300. Other auxiliary I/O subsystems can includeexternal display devices and externally connected keyboards (not shown).While the above examples have been provided in relation to the auxiliaryI/O subsystem 328, other subsystems capable of providing input orreceiving output from the handheld electronic device 300 are consideredwithin the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, other keys may beplaced along the side of the device 300 to function as escape keys,volume control keys, scrolling keys, power switches, or userprogrammable keys, and may likewise be programmed accordingly.

As may be appreciated from FIG. 1, the handheld communication device 300comprises a lighted display 322 located above a keyboard 332constituting a user input and suitable for accommodating textual inputto the handheld communication device 300. The front face of the devicehas a navigation row 70 and a key field 650 that includes alphanumerickeys 630, alphabetic keys 632, numeric keys 42, and other function keysas shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 300 is of unibody construction,also known as a “candy-bar” design.

Keys, typically of a push-button or push-pad nature, perform well asdata entry devices but present problems to the user when they must alsobe used to effect navigational control over a screen-cursor. In order tosolve this problem the present handheld electronic device 300 preferablyincludes an auxiliary input that acts as a cursor navigational tool 327and which is also exteriorly located upon the front face of the device300. Its front face location is particularly advantageous because itmakes the tool easily thumb-actuable like the keys of the keyboard. Aparticularly usable embodiment provides the navigational tool 327 in theform of a trackball 321 which is easily utilized to instructtwo-dimensional screen cursor movement in substantially any direction,as well as act as an actuator when the trackball 321 is depressed like abutton. The placement of the navigation tool 327 is preferably above thekeyboard 332 and below the display screen 322; here, it avoidsinterference during keyboarding and does not block the user's view ofthe display screen 322 during use. (See FIG. 1).

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 7-15 e, the present disclosure is directedto a handheld wireless communication device 300 configured to send andreceive text messages. The device includes a hand cradleable bodyconfigured to be held in one hand by an operator of the device duringtext entry. A display 322 is included that is located on a front face370 of the body and upon which information is displayed to the operatorduring text entry. A key field 650 is also located on the front face 370of the elongate body and comprises a plurality of keys including aplurality of alphanumeric keys, symbol keys, and function keys. Anavigation row 70 including menu keys 652 and a navigation tool 327 isalso located on the front face 370 of the body. The alphanumeric inputkeys comprise a plurality of alphabetic and/or numeric keys 632 havingletters and/or numbers associated therewith. The order of the letters ofthe alphabetic keys 632 on the presently disclosed device can bedescribed as being of a traditional, but non-ITU Standard E.161 layout.This terminology has been utilized to clearly delineate the fact thatsuch a telephone keypad as depicted in FIG. 6 is not suitable for use inthe presently disclosed device 300. Moreover, persons skilled in thesearts who design devices 300 of the nature defined herein would not lookto devices that include an ITU Standard E.161 alphabetic telephonekeypad configuration because of the substantial deficiencies that existwhere text input beyond short messaging services (SMS) is required, suchas for emailing.

The handheld wireless communication device 300 is also configured tosend and receive voice communications such as mobile telephone calls. Tofacilitate telephone calls, two call keys 605, 609 (“outer keys”) areprovided in the upper, navigation row 70 (so-called because it includesthe navigation tool assembly 327) at the outer ends of the navigationrow 70. One of the two call keys is a call initiation key 605, and theother is a call termination key 609. The navigation row 70 also includesanother pair of keys (“flanking keys”) that are located immediatelyadjacent to the navigation tool 327, with one flanking key on eitherside of the navigation tool 327. It is noted that the outer keys arereferred to as such not because they are necessarily the outermost keysin the navigation row—there may be additional keys located even furtheroutwardly of the outer keys if desired—but rather because they arelocated outwardly with respect to the flanking keys. The flanking keysmay, for instance, constitute the menu keys 652, which include a menucall-up key 606 and an escape or back key 608. The menu call-up key 606is used to bring up a menu on the display screen 322 and the escape key608 is used to return to the previous screen or previous menu selection.The functions of the call keys and the menu keys may, of course, beprovided by buttons that are located elsewhere on the device, withdifferent functions assigned to the outer keys and the flanking keys.

Furthermore, the device is equipped with components to enable operationof various programs, as shown in FIG. 2. In an examplary embodiment, theflash memory 324 is enabled to provide a storage location for theoperating system 408, device programs 358, and data. The operatingsystem 408 is generally configured to manage other application programs358 that are also stored in memory 324 and executable on the processor338. The operating system 408 honors requests for services made byapplication programs 358 through predefined application program 358interfaces. More specifically, the operating system 408 typicallydetermines the order in which multiple applications 358 are executed onthe processor 338 and the execution time allotted for each application358, manages the sharing of memory 324 among multiple applications 358,handles input and output to and from other device subsystems 342, and soon. In addition, users can typically interact directly with theoperating system 408 through a user interface usually including thekeyboard 332 and display screen 322. While in an examplary embodimentthe operating system 408 is stored in flash memory 324, the operatingsystem 408 in other embodiments is stored in read-only memory (ROM) orsimilar storage element (not shown). As those skilled in the art willappreciate, the operating system 408, device application 358 or partsthereof may be loaded in RAM 326 or other volatile memory.

In one examplary embodiment, the flash memory 324 containsprograms/applications 358 for execution on the device 300 including anaddress book 352, a personal information manager (PIM) 354, and thedevice state 350. Furthermore, programs 358 and other information 356including data can be segregated upon storage in the flash memory 324 ofthe device 300.

When the device 300 is enabled for two-way communication within thewireless communication network 319, it can send and receive signals froma mobile communication service. Examples of communication systemsenabled for two-way communication include, but are not limited to, theGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network, the Universal MobileTelecommunication Service (UTMS) network, the Enhanced Data for GlobalEvolution (EDGE) network, and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)network and those networks, generally described as packet-switched,narrowband, data-only technologies which are mainly used for short burstwireless data transfer. For the systems listed above, the communicationdevice 300 must be properly enabled to transmit and receive signals fromthe communication network 319. Other systems may not require suchidentifying information. GPRS, UMTS, and EDGE require the use of aSubscriber Identity Module (SIM) in order to allow communication withthe communication network 319. Likewise, most CDMA systems require theuse of a Removable Identity Module (RUIM) in order to communicate withthe CDMA network. The RUIM and SIM card can be used in multipledifferent communication devices 300. The communication device 300 may beable to operate some features without a SIM/RUIM card, but it will notbe able to communicate with the network 319. A SIM/RUIM interface 344located within the device 300 allows for removal or insertion of aSIM/RUIM card (not shown). The SIM/RUIM card features memory and holdskey configurations 351, and other information 353 such as identificationand subscriber related information. With a properly enabledcommunication device 300, two-way communication between thecommunication device 300 and communication network 319 is possible.

If the communication device 300 is enabled as described above or thecommunication network 319 does not require such enablement, the two-waycommunication enabled device 300 is able to both transmit and receiveinformation from the communication network 319. The transfer ofcommunication can be from the device 300 or to the device 300. In orderto communicate with the communication network 319, the device 300 in thepresently described examplary embodiment is equipped with an integral orinternal antenna 318 for transmitting signals to the communicationnetwork 319. Likewise the communication device 300 in the presentlydescribed examplary embodiment is equipped with another antenna 316 forreceiving communication from the communication network 319. Theseantennae (316, 318) in another examplary embodiment are combined into asingle antenna (not shown). As one skilled in the art would appreciate,the antenna or antennae (316, 318) in another embodiment are externallymounted on the device 300.

When equipped for two-way communication, the communication device 300features a communication subsystem 311. As is well known in the art,this communication subsystem 311 is modified so that it can support theoperational needs of the device 300. The subsystem 311 includes atransmitter 314 and receiver 312 including the associated antenna orantennae (316, 318) as described above, local oscillators (LOs) 313, anda processing module 320 which in the presently described examplaryembodiment is a digital signal processor (DSP) 320.

It is contemplated that communication by the device 300 with thewireless network 319 can be any type of communication that both thewireless network 319 and device 300 are enabled to transmit, receive andprocess. In general, these can be classified as voice and data. Voicecommunication is communication in which signals for audible sounds aretransmitted by the device 300 through the communication network 319.Data is all other types of communication that the device 300 is capableof performing within the constraints of the wireless network 319.

Example device applications that can depend on such data include email,contacts and calendars. For each such application synchronization withhome-based versions on the applications can be critical for either orboth of their long term and short term utility. As an example, emailsare often time sensitive, so substantially real time synchronization ishighly desirable. Contacts, on the other hand, can be usually updatedless frequently without inconvenience. Therefore, the utility of thedevice 300 is significantly enhanced (if not enabled) when connectablewithin a communication system, and particularly when connectable on awireless basis in a network 319 in which voice, text messaging, andother data transfer are accommodated.

Integration of the trackball assembly into handheld device 300 can beseen in the exploded view of FIG. 7 a showing some of the typicalcomponents found in the assembly of the handheld electronic device 300.The construction of the device benefits from various manufacturingsimplifications. The internal components are predominantly constructedon a single PCB (printed circuit board, not illustrated). The keyboard332 in one of the presently described embodiments is constructed from asingle piece of material, and in some embodiments is made from plastic.While in another embodiment, the keyboard 332 can be constructed from afilm on plastic technology allowing the plastic keyboard to be labeledwith the desired alphanumeric arrangements as described herein. In atleast one embodiment, the keyboard 332 is flexible allowing eachindividual key to move substantially independent from the other keys onthe keyboard 332.

In one of the presently described embodiments, the keyboard 332 isassembled as part of a user input subassembly 50. The user inputsubassembly 50 at least includes a lightguide panel 38 constructed oflight diffusing material. The user subassembly 50 optionally includes anavigational tool (examplary a trackball navigational tool 325) and adome sheet 39. The keyboard 332 can be attached to a front surface ofthe lightguide panel 38. Additionally a dome sheet 39 can be mounted onthe back surface of the lightguide panel 38 for receiving input from thekeyboard 332 through the lightguide panel 38. The dome sheet 39 is incommunication with the PCB (not shown) allowing for communication of auser selected key on the keyboard 332. The dome sheet 39 in at least oneembodiment provides for switches that relay information to the PCB, andwhile in the presently described examplary embodiment one switch isprovided for every key on the keyboard 332, in other embodiments morethan one switch or less than one switch per key are provided.

In at least one embodiment, the PCB is equipped with at least oneconcentrate light source that emits light to the back surface of thelightguide panel 38. The portion of the back surface of the lightguidepanel 38 that receives the concentrate light can aptly be described as alight-entrance surface are of the back surface of the lightguide panel38. Furthermore, when the user input subassembly 50 is constructed usinga dome sheet 39, apertures 58 can be provided in the dome sheet 38 toallow the at least one concentrate light source to be transmitted to thelightguide panel 38. The lightguide panel 38 is constructed to diffusethe light from the at least one concentrate light source to diffuse andbe emitted through at least a portion of the front surface of thelightguide panel. The light source in at least one embodiment is a lightemitting diode (LED). When the PCB is provided with a plurality ofconcentrate light sources, these light sources can be a plurality ofLEDs.

As described above, the navigational tool for inclusion within the userinput subassembly 50 can be a trackball navigational tool 325. Thelightguide panel 38 is constructed such that a trackball navigationaltool receiver 52 is at least partially formed in the lightguide panel38. This trackball navigational tool receiver 52 is configured toreceive and fix a trackball navigational tool 325 relative to thelightguide panel 38 when the trackball navigational tool 325 isinstalled therein. The trackball navigational tool receiver 52 caninclude at least one releasing securement feature 54 formed at a surfaceof the lightguide panel 38. The at least one releasing securementfeature 54 is configured to engage a mating securement feature (notshown) stationarily located on the trackball navigational tool 325. Asshown in FIG. 7 b, the releasing securement feature is a barbed insert(not shown) that can be snap-engaged into the securement feature 54 ofthe lightguide panel 38. The barbed insert and corresponding interfaceon lightguide panel 38 establishes a releasable interference connectionbetween the trackball navigational tool 325 and the lightguide panel 38.This interference connection substantially prevents the trackballnavigational tool 325 from moving from the connected point. In anotherembodiment, the securement feature on the trackball navigational tool325 is a ramped insert that is press-fit into the correspondingsecurement feature formed at the surface of the lightguide panel 38.These corresponding securement features on the trackball navigationaltool 325 and lightguide panel 38 can be said to establish a releasablefriction connection between the trackball navigational tool 325 and thelightguide panel 38.

While in another embodiment, the trackball navigational tool assemblyfurther comprises a lock ring 23 that at least partially surrounds thetrackball navigational tool 325. The lock ring 23 like the trackballnavigation tool can include a securement feature 56 such as a barbedinsert or a ramped insert that is capable of being snap-engaged orpress-fit into the corresponding securement feature 54 formed at thesurface of the lightguide panel 38. These interfaces on the lock ring 23likewise establish a releaseable interference connection and areleasable friction connection, respectively, between the trackballnavigational tool assembly and the lightguide panel 38.

The user input subassembly 50 is mountable within the handheldelectronic device to the back support frame 19. The user inputsubassembly 50 can be assembled using one or more of the above describedcomponents such that a user interface such as a keyboard and/ornavigational tool are provided to the user of the handheld device 300 onthe front face thereof

The user input subassembly 50 allows for various keypads such askeyboard 332 to be placed in communication with the lightguide panel 38.This allows the user or manufacturer to exchange the keyboard 332according to the desired alphabetic arrangement of the particular regionthe handheld device 300 is shipped. Likewise, the user input subassemblycan be integrated into varying support frames such as the one describedherein or others in which proper connection and support is provided forthe lightguide panel 38. These features allow for a single user inputsubassembly 50 to be replaced as necessary as well.

A front housing cover 11 is mounted over the keyboard 332 and lightguide38. The front housing cover 11 is constructed to allow the keyboard 332to be accessible through at least one apperature (not shown) or aplurality of apertures corresponding to one or more keys and/ornavigational tool depending on the configuration of the keyboard 332 andnavigational tool such as the trackball navigational tool 325. The fronthousing cover 11 also provides an attachment point for the lens 13. Alens 13 covers the display, which is typically mounted on the PCB, toprevent damage. When assembled, the front housing cover 11 and the PCBare fixedly attached to each other and the display is positioned betweenthe PCB and the front housing cover 11.

The trackball navigation tool 325 can be frictionally engaged with thefront housing cover 11, and in one examplary embodiment the trackballnavigation tool 325 is removable when the device is assembled. Thisallows for replacement of the trackball navigation tool 325 if/when itbecomes damaged or the user desires replacement with a different type oftrackball navigation tool 325. In the examplary embodiment of FIG. 7 a,the navigation tool 328 is a ball 321 based device. Othermultidirectional navigation tools 327 such as joysticks, four-waycursors, or touch pads are also considered to be within the scope ofthis disclosure. The removal of the trackball navigation tool 325 isenabled through the use of an outer removable ring 23, the outer edge ofwhich defines the periphery of the navigation tool assembly 328. Thering 23 ensures that the navigation tool 328 is properly held in placeagainst the light guide.

A serial port (preferably a Universal Serial Bus port) 330 and anearphone jack 40 are fixedly attached to the PCB and further held inplace by left side element 16. Buttons 30-32 may be attached to switches(not shown) which are connected to the PCB 12.

Final assembly involves placing a bottom piece 18 in contact with fronthousing cover 11 and back support frame 19. Furthermore, the assemblyinterconnects right side element 15 and left side element 16 with thefront housing cover 11, bottom piece 18, back support frame 19, PCB, andlens 13. These side elements 15, 16 provide additional protection andstrength to the support structure of the device 300. In the presentlydescribed examplary embodiment, backplate 14 is removably attached tothe back support frame 19.

Furthermore, in at least one embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 16, amethod 500 for constructing a user input subassembly is provided. Theuser input subassembly is constructed by forming a lightguide panel fromlight diffusing material (block 502). The method further involveslocating a concentrate light source adjacent to a backside of thelightguide panel (block 504). The method further comprises locating afield of input keys adjacent to a front side of the lightguide panel(block 506). The construction of the user input subassembly alsocomprises sliding a trackball navigational tool into a trackballnavigational tool receiver formed in the lightguide panel (block 508).Thus, the trackball navigational tool is fixably engaged to thelightguide panel (block 510). In at least one embodiment, the user inputsubassembly is fixed to a back support frame of the handheld device(block 512).

As intimated hereinabove, one of the more important aspects of thehandheld electronic device 300 to which this disclosure is directed isits size. While some users will grasp the device 300 in both hands, itis intended that a predominance of users will cradle the device 300 inone hand in such a manner that input and control over the device 300 canbe effected using the thumb of the same hand in which the device 300 isheld. However, it is appreciated that additional control can be effectedby using both hands. As a handheld device 300 that is easy to grasp anddesirably pocketable, the size of the device 300 must be keptcommensurately small. Of the device's dimensions, limiting its width isimportant for the purpose of assuring cradleability in a user's hand.Moreover, it is preferred that the width of the device 300 be maintainedat less than eight centimeters (approximately three inches). Keeping thedevice 300 within these dimensional limits provides a hand cradleableunit that users prefer for its usability and portability. Limitationswith respect to the height (length) of the device 300 are less stringentwhen considering hand-cradleability. Therefore, in order to gain greatersize, the device 300 can be advantageously elongated so that its heightis greater than its width, but still remains easily supported andoperated in one hand.

A potential drawback is presented by the small size of the device 300 inthat there is limited exterior surface area for the inclusion of userinput and device output features. This is especially true for the “primereal estate” on the front face 370 of the device 300, where it is mostadvantageous to include a display screen 322 that outputs information tothe user. The display screen 322 is preferably located above a keyboard332 that is utilized for data entry into the device 300 by the user. Ifthe screen 322 is provided below the keyboard 332, a problem occurs inthat viewing the screen 322 is inhibited when the user is inputting datausing the keyboard 332. Therefore it is preferred that the displayscreen 322 be above the input area, thereby solving the problem byassuring that the hands and fingers do not block the view of the screen322 during data entry periods.

To facilitate textual data entry into the device 300, an alphabetickeyboard 332 is provided. In the examplary illustrated embodiment, afull alphabetic keyboard 332 is utilized in which there is one key perletter (with some of the letter keys also having numbers, symbols, orfunctions associated with them). In this regard, the associated letterscan be advantageously organized in QWERTY, QWLRTZ, AZERTY, or Dvoraklayouts, among others, thereby capitalizing on certain users'familiarity with these various letter orders. In order to stay withinthe bounds of the limited front surface area, however, each of the keysmust be commensurately small when, for example, twenty-six keys must beprovided in the instance of the English language.

As shown in FIG. 1, the handheld electronic device 300 is cradleable inthe palm of a user's hand. The handheld device 300 is provided with akeyboard 332 to enter text data and place telephone calls and a displayscreen 322 for communicating information to the user. A connect/send key605 is preferably provided to aid in the placement of a phone call.Additionally, a disconnect/end key 609 is provided. The send key 605 andend key 609 preferably are arranged in the navigation row 70 includingthe navigation tool 327. Additionally, the navigation row 70 preferablyhas a menu call-up key 606 and a back key or escape key 608.

The keyboard 332 includes a plurality of keys that can be of a physicalnature such as actuable buttons, or they can be of a software nature,typically constituted by virtual representations of physical keys on adisplay screen 322 (referred to herein as “virtual keys”). It is alsocontemplated that the user input can be provided as a combination of thetwo types of keys. Each key of the plurality of keys has at least oneactuable action which can be the input of a character, a command or afunction. In this context, “characters” are contemplated to exemplarilyinclude alphabetic letters, language symbols, numbers, punctuation,insignias, icons, pictures, and even a blank space. Input commands andfunctions can include such things as delete, backspace, moving a cursorup, down, left or right, initiating an arithmetic function or command,initiating a command or function specific to an application program orfeature in use, initiating a command or function programmed by the userand other such commands and functions that are well known to thosepersons skilled in the art. Specific keys or other types of inputdevices can be used to navigate through the various applications andfeatures thereof Further, depending on the application 358 or feature inuse, specific keys can be enabled or disabled.

In the case of physical keys, all or a portion of the plurality of keyshave one or more indicia representing character(s), command(s), and/orfunctions(s) displayed at their top surface and/or on the surface of thearea adjacent the respective key. In the instance where the indicia of akey's function is provided adjacent the key, the indicia can be printedon the device cover beside the key, or in the instance of keys locatedadjacent the display screen 322. Additionally, current indicia for thekey may be temporarily shown nearby the key on the screen 322.

In the case of virtual keys, the indicia for the respective keys areshown on the display screen 322, which in one embodiment is enabled bytouching the display screen 322, for example, with a stylus to generatethe character or activate the indicated command or function. Someexamples of display screens 322 capable of detecting a touch includeresistive, capacitive, projected capacitive, infrared and surfaceacoustic wave (SAW) touchscreens.

Physical and virtual keys can be combined in many different ways asappreciated by those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, physical andvirtual keys are combined such that the plurality of enabled keys for aparticular application or feature of the handheld electronic device 300is shown on the display screen 322 in the same configuration as thephysical keys. Using this configuration, the user can select theappropriate physical key corresponding to what is shown on the displayscreen 322. Thus, the desired character, command or function is obtainedby depressing the physical key corresponding to the character, commandor function displayed at a corresponding position on the display screen322, rather than touching the display screen 322.

The various characters, commands, and functions associated with keyboardtyping in general are traditionally arranged using various conventions.The most common of these in the United States, for instance, is theQWERTY keyboard layout. Others include the QWERTZ, AZERTY, and Dvorakkeyboard configurations. The QWERTY keyboard layout is the standardEnglish-language alphabetic key arrangement 44 a shown in FIG. 3 a. TheQWERTZ keyboard layout is normally used in German-speaking regions; thisalphabetic key arrangement 44 b is shown in FIG. 3 b. The AZERTYkeyboard layout 44 c is normally used in French-speaking regions and isshown in FIG. 3 c. The Dvorak keyboard layout was designed to allowtypists to type faster; this alphabetic key arrangement 44 d is shown inFIG. 3 d. In other examplary embodiments, keyboards havingmulti-language key arrangements can be implemented.

Alphabetic key arrangements are often presented along with numeric keyarrangements. Typically, the numbers 1-9 and 0 are positioned in the rowabove the alphabetic keys 44 a-d, as shown in FIG. 3 a-d. Alternatively,the numbers share keys with the alphabetic characters, such as the toprow of the QWERTY keyboard. Yet another examplary numeric keyarrangement is shown in FIG. 4, where a “ten-key” style numeric keypad46 is provided on a separate set of keys that is spaced from thealphabetic/numeric key arrangement 44. Still further, ten-key numericarrangements may be common with or shared with a subset of thealphabetic keys, as best shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The ten-key stylednumeric keypad 46 includes the numbers “7”, “8”, “9” arranged in a toprow, “4”, “5”, “6” arranged in a second row, “1”, “2”, “3” arranged in athird row, and “0” in a bottom row. Further, a numeric phone keyarrangement 42 is exemplarily illustrated in FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, the numeric phone key arrangement 42 may alsoutilize a surface treatment on the surface of the center “5” key. Thissurface treatment is configured such that the top surface of the key isdistinctive from the surface of other keys. Preferably the surfacetreatment is in the form of a raised bump or recessed dimple 43.Alternatively, raised bumps may be positioned on the housing around the“5” key and do not necessarily have to be positioned directly on thekey.

It is desirable for handheld devices 300 to include a combinedtext-entry keyboard and a telephony keyboard. Examples of such handhelddevices 300 include mobile stations, cellular telephones, wirelesspersonal digital assistants (PDAs), two-way paging devices, and others.Various keyboards are used with such devices and can be termed a fullkeyboard, a reduced-format keyboard, or phone key pad. In embodiments ofa handheld device 300 having a full keyboard, the alphabetic charactersare singly associated with the plurality of physical keys. Thus, in anEnglish-language keyboard of this configuration, there are at least 26keys in the plurality, with one letter per alphabetic key.

FIGS. 5 and 6 both feature numeric keys arranged according to the ITUStandard E.161 form. In addition, FIG. 6 also incorporates alphabeticcharacters according to the ITU Standard E.161 layout as well.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 8-12, which disclose an examplaryembodiment having a full alphabetic keyboard arrangement. In particular,as shown in FIGS. 8-12, only one letter of the alphabet is associatedwith any given alphabetic key within the keys of the keyfield. This isin contrast to reduced-format arrangements, in which multiple letters ofthe alphabet may be associated with at least some of the alphabetic keysof a keyboard. Additionally, as alluded to above and shown in thereferenced figures, some of the alphabetic keys also have numbers,symbols, or functions associated with them. In the specificallyillustrated embodiment, the alphabetic keys (including those also havingnumbers, symbols, or functions associated with them) are arranged in aQWERTY arrangement, although any of the other full-keyboard arrangements(QWLRTZ, AZERTY, or Dvorak) may also be implemented within the scope ofthis disclosure.

To emulate as much as possible a full-sized keyboard as used, forexample, with a personal computer, the alphabetic keys in the keyfield650 are arranged in rows 72, 74, and 76. Furthermore, as is customarywith such full-sized keyboards, the space key 80 is located in thecenter of the lowermost row 80 of the keyfield 650, below the letter(and to a certain extent number) rows 72, 74, and 76. To help make thehand-cradleable dimensions of the device possible, the shift keys 82 arelocated at each of the outermost ends of the lowermost row 80. This isin contrast to a typical full-size keyboard, in which the shift keys areat the ends of the lowermost row of alphabetic keys. Because they arethe endmost keys of the lowermost row, the shift keys 82 are referred toas “corner keys.” It is noted that in other arrangements that are deemedto be within the scope of this disclosure, the corner keys may haveother functions besides or in addition to the shift function.Additionally, even though the illustrated keyfield 650 is fairlyrectangular since all four rows of keys 72, 74, 76, and 78 have the samephysical length, the term “corner keys” may also be used to describe theoutermost keys in the lowermost row of keys in arrangements where thelowermost row of keys is shorter than those above it. In addition to thespace key 80 and the shift (corner) keys 82, the presently describedembodiment also includes an additional key on either side of the spacekey, between the space key and the corner keys, in the lowermost row ofkeys. For example, the presently described embodiment includes the “0”key 84 to the left of the space key 80 (part of the numeric keyfieldsuperimposed or overlaid over certain keys of the alphabetic keyfield)and the “symbol” key 86 (“sym,” used to indicate that a symbol insteadof a letter is desired when pressing a given key) to the right of thespace key 80.

As noted, the lowermost row of keys 78 is the same physical length asthe other three rows of keys 72, 74, and 76 even though in theillustrated embodiment there are fewer keys in the lowermost row thanthere are in the rows above it. Therefore, in addition to the space key80 (which is conventionally several times longer than the rest of thekeys in the keyfield on a full-size keyboard), the shift (corner) keys82 are also longer than the keys in the rows above the lowermost row 78in order to “fill out” the lowermost row 78. For example, as shown inthe illustrated embodiment, the shift keys 82 are twice as long as thekeys in the rows above the lowermost row, and there are two keys(identified in more detail below) located above each shift key 82.Alternatively, in embodiments in which the only keys in the lowermostrow are the space key and the shift keys, the shift keys could be evenlonger than twice the width of the keys above them, and there could,accordingly, be more than two keys above each of the shift keys.

Furthermore, in accordance with emulating a full-size keyboard as muchas possible, the right endmost key 88 in the row 76 above the lowermostrow 78 (i.e., immediately above the right-hand shift key 82) is the“enter” key. In some embodiments, the key immediately to the left of the“enter” key may be a function and/or a symbol key, e.g., the speaker/“$”key as shown in the illustrated embodiment.

On the other side of the keyfield shown as being mirror-symmetric abouta vertically oriented axis of symmetry, the left endmost key 90 in therow 76 above the lowermost row 78 (i.e., immediately above the left-handshift key 82) is the “alt” key. In some embodiments, the key immediatelyto the right of the “alt” key will likely be an alphabetic key and mayalso constitute a numeric key, e.g., the “Z”/“7” key as shown in theillustrated embodiment. The “enter” and “alt” keys (particularly the“enter” key) are frequently used keys, particular in the context ofhandheld wireless communication devices of the sort to which the presentdisclosure pertains. Therefore, according to one teaching of thisdisclosure, certain features are incorporated into the corner keys 82 tofacilitate easier access to the “enter” and “alt” keys immediatelyadjacent to said corner keys 82.

First, as illustrated in FIGS. 8-12 (FIG. 11 in particular), the heightof the corner keys with respect to the face of the device body decreasestoward their laterally outer edges. As a result, (at least portions of)the bottom edges of the keys immediately above the corner keys (i.e.,“above-adjacent” keys) are higher than the laterally outer edges of thecorner keys. Depending on the relative sizes of the keys, thisrelationship may, but need not necessarily, extend laterally inwardly tomore than just the outermost keys in the row above the corner keys. Thisrelationship makes it easier to identify correctly, by feel, the keysabove the corner keys. This is particularly advantageous in a devicehaving a full keyboard arrangement where keys are typically smaller thanin a reduced-format keyboard arrangement. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 12, the corner key “target areas” 92 are located on the uppersurfaces of the corner keys 82, but the regions of finger overlap 94extend very close to the lower edges—and in some cases may actuallyoverlap the lower edges—of the keys immediately above the corner keys82.

It should be appreciated that this relative height relationship is mostadvantageous along the top edges of the corner keys and the bottom edgesof the above-adjacent keys to the corner keys. Additionally, thisdecreasing relative height relationship is most advantageous at thelaterally outermost portions of the corner keys, although it preferablyextends across the entire lateral width of the corner keys. Accordingly,it is sufficient for purposes of this disclosure for the corner keys todecrease in height from a laterally inner position (in contrast to aninnermost edge) toward the laterally outermost edge.

Second, in addition to having the relative height relationship describedimmediately above, the corner keys are slightly truncated at theirlowermost, laterally outermost portions (bottom outboard corners) 96. Inparticular, this portion 96 of each of the corner keys 82 has a radiusof convex curvature that is significantly larger than the radius ofcurvature of the other corner portions 98 of the corner keys. As aresult, the lower edges of the corner keys transition smoothly andcontinuously into the laterally outer edges of the corner keys withoutforming distinct corners at the lowermost, laterally outermost portions96. This feature makes it easier to “reach over” the shift keys (cornerkeys 82) at the outer edges of the key field 650 to press the “enter” or“alt” keys while closely approximating an overall generally rectangulararrangement of the key field 650, which enhances aesthetics.

In addition to this relative configuration of the corner keys 82 and theabove-adjacent keys, the configuration of keys in the navigation row70—both with respect to the trackball navigation tool 325 and withrespect to other keys in the navigation row 70—is arranged such that itis easier to tactilely differentiate among the several “user inputs”(e.g., the keys and the trackball navigation tool 325) in the navigationrow 70 and to slidingly traverse the inputs, as well.

Referring once again to the drawings, as best illustrated in FIGS. 13and 14, the height of the menu keys 652 (namely the flanking menucall-up key 606 and the escape or back key 608) with respect to the face370 of the device body decreases from the laterally outer edges of theflanking keys 652 toward their laterally inner edges. Thisdecreasing-height profile advantageously extends laterally across theentire width of the flanking keys 652, although it suffices for purposesof this disclosure that it extends just from mid-portions of theflanking keys 652 toward their laterally inner edges. At their laterallyinner edges, the flanking keys 652 are essentially the same height withrespect to the face 370 of the device body as the peripheral portions100 of the trackball navigation tool 325 (e.g., the periphery of theouter ring 23) at which the flanking keys 652 are adjacent to thetrackball navigation tool 325. As a result of this configuration, theupper surfaces of the flanking keys 652 are generally tactilelycontinuous with the peripheral portions of the trackball navigation tool325. The “valley” configuration of the flanking keys 652 with thetrackball navigation tool 325 in the center “trough” of the valley makesit very easy and comfortable for a user to navigate with the navigationrow 70, “rocking” back and forth between menus using the menu keys 652to do so while navigating with the trackball navigation tool 325 asillustrated in FIGS. 15 a, 15 b, and 15 c.

Additionally, at their laterally outer edges, the height of the flankingkeys (with respect to the face of the device body) is greater than theheight (with respect to the face of the device body) of the laterallyinner edges of the outer keys (e.g., the call initiate and call endbuttons 605, 609). Furthermore, the laterally inner edges of the outerkeys may be chamfered, as at 102, to increase the amount of heightdifferential between the flanking keys 652 and the outer keys at thejunction between them. Still further, in addition to sloping upwardlyfrom their laterally inner edges toward their laterally outer edges, theflanking keys preferably have laterally outer edges that are hump-shapedor crowned, as best shown at 104 in FIG. 13. This combination offeatures makes it particularly easy to differentiate between theflanking keys 652 and the outer keys when selecting between them, asillustrated in FIGS. 15 d and 15 e. In particular, although the “targetareas” 106 of the flanking keys 652 are generally centered on the uppersurfaces of those keys, the regions 108 of finger overlap may extendbeyond the outer edges of those keys and encroach on the outer keys, asillustrated in those two figures.

To further enhance user comfort, the body of the device 300 may bereferred to as a waisted, center-tapered, or necked-down configuration.In particular, the upper and lower ends 110, 112 of the device 300(FIG. 1) are slightly wider than the mid-portion 114 of the device 300,with the sides 15 and 16 being slightly concave. For example, in anexamplary embodiment, the ends 110, 112 of the device may be of theorder of 62 millimeters in width, whereas the mid-portion 114 may be 60millimeters in width. Such a flared top and bottom configuration fitsmore comfortably against the palm of the user's hand—in particular,against the fleshy part at the base of the thumb where the bottom flareis concerned—and helps to prevent the device 300 from slipping out ofthe user's hand. The top-end side flare also provides a convenient andcomfortable thumb rest (see FIG. 1) and facilitates user control overthe device 300, particularly when the bottom flared portion is firmlyanchored in the user's palm.

Furthermore, the corners 116 of the device 300 are also configured toenhance user comfort. In particular, they are configured such that theleft and right sides of the body transition smoothly into the upper andlower ends of the body. More particularly, the corners are chamfered asshown in FIG. 1. This, too, enhances user comfort—particularly withrespect to the lower corners—since the lower corners in particular maybe pressed firmly into the user's palm, especially during one-handedoperation of the device 300.

Finally, with regard to user comfort features, the sides 15, 16 of thedevice 300 are preferably provided with (or even made entirely from)soft-touch material such as a rubberized coating, soft plastic, or thelike. In this regard, the soft-touch material preferably covers thelower two-thirds of the sides 15, 16 of the device 300 (lower in thiscontext being taken from the front of the device 300 toward the back ofthe device 300) and covers the side wrap-around portions 15 a, 16 a ofthe body sides 15, 16 (see FIG. 7 a) so as to extend at least partiallyonto the back surface of the device 300. Additionally, the soft-touchmaterial also preferably covers the bottom wrap-around portions 15 b, 16b of the body sides 15, 16 so as to extend at least partially onto thelowermost (i.e., the bottom end) surface of the device 300. In at leastone embodiment, the soft-touch material also covers the bottom portionof bottom piece 18. In combination with the concave contoured sides 15,16 and advantageously rounded corners thereof, the soft-touch materialrenders the device 300 easier to grip and use. Conveniently, thesoft-touch material provides improved comfort when holding the device300.

As described above, the International Telecommunications Union (“ITU”)has established phone standards for the arrangement of alphanumerickeys. The standard phone numeric key arrangement shown in FIGS. 5 (noalphabetic letters) and 6 (with alphabetic letters) corresponds to ITUStandard E.161, entitled “Arrangement of Digits, Letters, and Symbols onTelephones and Other Devices That Can Be Used for Gaining Access to aTelephone Network.” This standard is also known as ANSI TI.703-1995/1999and ISO/IEC 9995-8:1994. As shown in FIG. 9, the numeric key arrangementcan be overlaid on a QWERTY arrangement. The numeric arrangement asshown can be aptly described as a top-to-bottom ascending orderthree-by-three-over-zero pattern.

While several keyboard layouts have been described above, the layoutscan be described as having keys disposed on the keyboard in a QWERTY,reduced QWERTY, QWERTZ, Dvorak, or AZERTY key layout. These familiarkeyboard layouts allow users to type more intuitively and quickly than,for example, on the standard alphabetic layout on a telephone pad. Asmentioned above, the key arrangements can be reduced compared to astandard layout through the use of more than one letter or character perkey. By utilizing fewer keys, the keys can be made larger and thereforemore convenient to the user.

Examplary embodiments have been described hereinabove regarding bothhandheld electronic devices 300, as well as the communication networks319 within which they operate. Again, it should be appreciated that thefocus of the present disclosure is a user input subassembly forintegration into a handheld electronic device, where the user inputsubassembly includes a navigational tool as well as a lightguideassembly.

1. A user input subassembly configured to be installed in a handheldwireless communication device and to include a trackball navigationaltool and a field of input keys in a fully assembled configuration, saiduser input subassembly comprising: a lightguide panel constructed oflight diffusing material and having a back face configured to be locatedadjacent a concentrate light source and a front face configured to belocated adjacent a backside of a field of input keys; and a trackballnavigational tool receiver formed at least partially in said lightguidepanel, said trackball navigational tool receiver configured to receiveand fix a trackball navigational tool relative to said lightguide panelwhen installed therein.
 2. The subassembly as recited in claim 1,wherein said lightguide panel has a thickness spanning between saidfront and back faces whereby concentrate light entering said lightguidepanel across a light-entrance surface area of said back face is diffusedand emitted from said lightguide panel across a light-exit surface areaof said front face as diffused light and wherein said light-entrancesurface area is less than the light-exit surface area.
 3. Thesubassembly as recited in claim 2, further comprising a plurality ofconcentrate light sources, each located adjacent said back face of saidlightguide panel, said plurality of concentrate light sources being ofsufficient number and respectively located relative said lightguidepanel that said light-exit surface area constitutes a majority of saidfront face of said lightguide panel.
 4. The subassembly as recited inclaim 3, wherein each of said plurality of concentrate light sources isa light emitting diode (LED).
 5. The subassembly as recited in claim 1,wherein said trackball navigational tool receiver further comprises atleast one releasing securement feature formed at a surface of saidlightguide panel, said at least one releasing securement featureconfigured to engage a mating securement feature stationarily located onan installable trackball navigational tool.
 6. The subassembly asrecited in claim 5, further comprising a trackball navigational toolcomprising a securement feature matingly engaged with said releasingsecurement feature formed at the surface of said lightguide panel. 7.The subassembly as recited in claim 6, wherein said securement featureon said trackball navigational tool comprises a barbed insertsnap-engaged in said securement feature formed at the surface of saidlightguide panel thereby establishing a releasable interferenceconnection between said trackball navigational tool and said lightguidepanel.
 8. The subassembly as recited in claim 6, wherein said securementfeature on said trackball navigational tool comprises a ramped insertpress-fit into said securement feature formed at the surface of saidlightguide panel thereby establishing a releasable friction connectionbetween said trackball navigational tool and said lightguide panel. 9.The subassembly as recited in claim 6, further comprises a lock ring atleast partially surrounding the trackball navigational tool.
 10. Thesubassembly as recited in claim 9, wherein said lock ring comprises abarbed insert snap-engaged in said securement feature formed at thesurface of said lightguide panel thereby establishing a releasableinterference connection between said trackball navigational tool andsaid lightguide panel.
 11. The subassembly as recited in claim 9,wherein said lock ring comprises a ramped insert press-fit into saidsecurement feature formed at the surface of said lightguide panelthereby establishing a releasable friction connection between saidtrackball navigational tool and said lightguide panel.
 12. Thesubassembly as recited in claim 9, further comprising a keypad mountableon the front surface of said lightguide panel, wherein said keypadincludes the keyfield.
 13. The subassembly as recited in claim 12,further comprising a dome sheet mountable on the back face of saidlightguide panel.
 14. The subassembly as recited in claim 13, whereinsaid dome sheet has a plurality of apertures for transmitting saidconcentrate light source to the lightguide panel.
 15. The subassembly asrecited in claim 14, wherein said concentrate light source is mounted ona PCB board.
 16. A handheld wireless communication device configured tosend and receive text messages, said device comprising: a handcradleable body configured to be held in a text entry orientation by anoperator of said device during text entry, said body having a front faceat which a display is located and upon which information is displayed tothe operator of the device in the text entry orientation; amicroprocessor configured to run software programs on the device and toreceive operator commands from user inputs located on the device; alightguide panel constructed of light diffusing material and having aback face configured to be located adjacent a concentrate light sourceand a front face configured to be located adjacent a backside of a fieldof input keys; and a trackball navigational tool receiver formed atleast partially in said lightguide panel, said trackball navigationaltool receiver configured to receive and fix a trackball navigationaltool relative to said lightguide panel when installed therein.
 17. Thehandheld wireless communication device of claim 16, wherein saidtrackball navigational tool receiver further comprises at least onereleasing securement feature formed at a surface of said lightguidepanel, said at lease one releasing securement feature configured toengage a mating securement feature stationarily located on aninstallable trackball navigational tool.
 18. The handheld wirelesscommunication device of claim 17, further comprising a trackballnavigational tool comprising a securement feature matingly engaged withsaid releasing securement feature formed at the surface of saidlightguide panel.
 19. The handheld wireless communication device ofclaim 16, wherein said key field comprises a plurality of keys of whicha portion are alphanumeric input keys, said alphanumeric input keyscomprising a plurality of alphabetic keys having letters associatedtherewith that are arranged in one of a QWERTY, QWERTZ, AZERTY, andDvorak arrangement for facilitating text entry.
 20. The handheldwireless communication device of claim 19, wherein said letters areassociated with said alphabetic keys, one letter per key.
 21. A methodfor constructing a user input subassembly for a handheld wirelesscommunication device, said method comprising: forming a lightguide panelfrom light diffusing material; locating a concentrate light sourceadjacent to a backside of the light guide panel; locating a field ofinput keys adjacent to a front side of the lightguide panel; sliding atrackball navigational tool into a trackball navigational tool receiverformed at least partially in the lightguide panel; fixably engaging saidtrackball navigational tool to said lightguide panel.